Types of Windows: Complete Guide to Window Styles
A window is more than just a piece of glass. With modern window designs, you can completely transform your home – customizing the aesthetic, improving energy efficiency and increasing the overall value, too.
Different kinds of windows are distinguished by type/function (operation) and style (appearance/configuration). Most homes incorporate a blend of fixed and operable windows to maximize light and airflow.
In this guide, you will learn about the most common types of windows and where they fit, along with some practical tips on how to choose the right windows for your home.
Window types vs. window styles: what’s the difference?
If you are considering window replacement options, it is important to know the differences between window types and window styles. The more you understand about standard window categories will make it easier to make an informed decision.
Window types are distinguished by their operational capabilities. Fixed windows do not open at all, and include picture windows, bay windows, and even skylights. They are usually chosen for their ease of maintenance and superior energy efficiency, as they offer a complete airtight seal. Operable windows are fully openable. There is a wide variety of operable window types, including casement windows, egress windows, and awning windows. The ability to open and close windows provides customizable airflow and ventilation, seamlessly blending decorative and functional window features.
Window styles are characterized by appearance, shape and configuration. There are 4 main types:
Sliding: These windows feature horizontal, side-to-side movement. They allow excellent airflow and preserve useable square-footage in your home. There are single-sliding, double-sliding and three-sash design sliding windows.
Hung: Hung windows open vertically and may have one or two operating sashes. They offer a classic look with simple functionality.
Crank-operated: Also known as casement windows, crank-operated windows are either side- or top-hinged windows that open using a built-in crank mechanism. They are easy to operate and offer excellent ventilation control.
Fixed & specialty: These windows are non-operable. They are usually chosen for their aesthetic appeal, energy efficiency and ease or maintenance. Fixed windows are fully customizable and can be used in a variety of places in the home.
Quick comparison: which window type does what best
| Window Type | How It Opens | Ventilation | Best Rooms | Cleaning / Maintenance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casement | Crank; vertical hinge | Excellent | Kitchen, Living room | Medium |
| Awning | Crank; horizontal hinge | Good | Kitchen, Bathroom, Basement | Medium |
| Single / Double hung | Slide up and down or tilt-in | Moderate to good | Kitchen, Bedrooms, Exterior Spaces | Low / Medium |
| Sliding | Push side-to-side | Good | Kitchen, Bedrooms, Exterior Spaces | Low |
| Picture | Does not open | None | Kitchen, Living room, Entryway/Hallways | Low |
*Note for Canadian homes: efficiency and weather
Choosing the right types of windows in Canada is essential because of our drastic changes in weather throughout the year. You want to select windows for your home that allow for optimized air ventilation and superior energy-efficiency to mitigate the challenges that each season brings. For Canada, insulated glass ENERGY STAR® windows can help reduce drafts and condensation for superior cold-climate performance. Low-E glass coating and argon gas filled windows are other window options that can be especially beneficial for controlling temperature fluctuations and improving efficiency.
Popular types of windows for homes
When looking at replacement windows, it is best to learn about the different features, so you know what one to choose for your needs. If you want to know only the essentials, here are the most popular types of windows for homes:
Casement:
These vertically hinged windows easily open with a crank handle to provide excellent efficiency and maximum ventilation. They are best for rooms where you want to control airflow and maximize light – like the kitchen, bedrooms, and living rooms. Casement windows are also often used as basement egress windows. The crank mechanisms are susceptible to wear and tear, so regular maintenance is important.
Awning:
Awning windows are attached at the top of the frame open with a mechanical crank like an awning. They are ideal for places with rainy climates or in spaces like bathrooms, below-grade rooms and kitchens. Regular maintenance is required for the cranks to prevent mechanical failure.
Single-hung:
Single-hung windows have a fixed upper sash and an operable lower sash that moves up and down. They are easier to maintain than double-hung windows and are also more cost-effective. However, because the top sash is fixed, it can only be cleaned from the outside, making them well-suited for ground level placement only.
Double-hung:
These windows have two independently operating sashes that allow for flexible ventilation and ease of cleaning. They are a great window type for multi-level homes and can easily compliment traditional or contemporary aesthetics. Double-hung windows can be a bit of a higher investment than other window types.
Sliding / slider:
Sliding windows open by sliding either one or both sashes from side to side. They are very durable windows that are easy to operate but do require regular cleaning to keep the tracks clear from dirt and debris. Sliding/glider windows are a good fit for modern homes and for rooms where a vertical orientation is not possible.
Picture (fixed):
Fixed picture windows have completely sealed glass panes. They preserve outdoor views in your home where airflow and/or egress is not a requirement. Picture windows can be prone to heat gain, so Low-E coatings can be a beneficial addition.
Bay / Bow:
These windows extend beyond the walls of a house, adding visual intrigue and creating an illusion of a bigger room. Bay windows are generally square-shaped and bow are more curved. They make a great focal point for living rooms or large family rooms, often adding extra seating or storage. They require a bit higher financial investment but can increase curb appeal and overall home value when done right.
Hopper / Egress:
Hopper or egress windows are single-sash bottom hinged windows that tilt inward. They are often used in basements as they allow for natural light and controlled airflow while maintaining energy-efficiency and security. They are very easy to clean from the inside, making them the perfect addition to small or tight spaces.
Skylight:
Skylights are often fixed windows that allow natural light to flood your home. They are the perfect addition to any space that you want to feel bigger and brighter, especially if it is a room with no exterior walls. Installation is a bit more expensive, but if done right, can partially reduce reliance on artificial light.
Custom shapes:
If you really want to create a unique aesthetic for your home, custom window shape windows are the perfect choice. They are designed to fit unique architectural configurations. While custom shapes and sizes can be more expensive and difficult to install, the benefits of energy efficient windows in distinctive locations can increase light, ventilation, and curb-appeal.
How to choose the right window type
When choosing replacement windows for your home you want to find a balance between style and function. Some important things to consider when looking at different styles and types of windows for your home renovation, include:
- Ventilation (airflow)
- Light & view
- Room location
- Ease of cleaning
- Security
- Budget
- Space constraints
Window style ideas by room
Choosing high quality, energy-efficient windows that are placed properly in your home can improve the overall comfort, maintain privacy and boost functionality.
Front of house: This is where you would be most concerned with curb appeal. Choose windows that can be customized to match the aesthetic.
- Picture windows
- Bay/Bow windows
- Casement windows
Kitchen: This is a room where easy ventilation is a necessity. You want to choose windows that can open and close easily, while allowing natural light into the space.
- Casement windows
- Sliding windows
- Custom arched windows
Living room: Big windows with a mix of ventilating windows are ideal for frequently used common spaces in the home where you want natural light, airflow and views.
- Picture windows
- Bay/Bow windows
- Casement windows
Basement: It is harder to get light into a basement, so windows that offer maximum natural light while preserving the security are the best choice. Emergency egress is another thing to consider when it comes to basement rooms.
- Casement windows
- Awning or hopper/egress windows
- Sliding windows
FAQs about window types + final recap
What are the main types of windows? There are two main types of windows – fixed windows and operable windows.
Which window type is best for ventilation? Casement windows generally allow for the greatest control of ventilation. They can be fully opened to maximize airflow. Other window types that allow for ventilation are sliding windows, awning windows, and hung windows.
What are the most energy-efficient window types? Fixed windows are the most energy efficient at they are fully contained and sealed. However, the efficiency of operable windows can be improved with things like double or triple-pane glass, gas filled windows and Low-E coatings.
Are casement windows better than sliding windows? Casement and sliding windows have different purposes. Some spaces are more well suited for sliding windows, where casement may be better used other areas of the house.
What are the best front window styles? Ideally, you want to choose window styles that complement the front of your home and improve curb-appeal. Picture windows, casement windows, hung windows and bay/bow windows are all great options.
Reach out to the friendly staff at Window Mart to help you choose the best windows for your home. You can discuss your needs and go over the cost of different window types.
